| Financial Education
Building and Repairing Your Credit History
When you receive copies of your credit reports from one or
all of the credit reporting
agencies, check each item carefully for inaccurate
data.
Data that is not correct on your credit file can be a result
of, among other things, a creditor not reporting information accurately,
a creditor not updating information on your file, or someone using your information
to open credit accounts in your name. This last scenario is also known as Identity
Theft.
If you think there is an error on your credit report, contact
the credit reporting agency and write a dispute
letter. Remember to keep
a copy of the dispute letter for your records.
Credit reporting agencies are required to conduct an investigation
within 30 days of receiving your letter.
It is your responsibility to ensure that your credit report
is accurate. Remember, credit reporting agencies do not investigate the accuracy
of reported information unless you ask them to.
You should review your credit report regularly. Some financial
advisors recommend reviewing your credit report every year or, at a minimum,
before you apply for a large loan.
If you have never had a credit account or loan, there are some
ways you can begin to build your credit history.
Remember, negative credit ratings remain on your credit report
for up to 10 years, so it is important to always pay your obligations on
time.
Ways to build or demonstrate your credit history:
Apply
for a small loan at the bank or credit union where you have checking
and savings accounts.
Apply
for credit with a local store, such as a department store. They typically
have a lower credit limit and a higher annual percentage rate (APR) but
are generally more willing to lend you money. There is usually no fee for
department store cards.
Make
a large down payment on a purchase and negotiate credit payments for the
balance. If you do not have a credit history but have a large down payment,
there is less risk you will not make the payments. For example, if you
are buying a used car for $5,000 and have enough cash, you might consider
making a down payment of $1,000-$3,000. Although the loan will be very
small, it can prove you make your payments on time.
You
might ask a friend or relative with an established credit history to be
a cosigner for you. A cosigner promises to repay the loan if you don't.
The lender should report the payment information for both you and the cosigner
to the credit reporting agencies.
Pay
your bills on time. This will help establish a good credit history, so
you can get credit in the future.
You
might ask the lender to review your history of making rent and utility
payments to demonstrate your ability to pay.
If you have negative items on your credit report due to late
payments, public records, etc., you can begin repairing your credit on your
own or get help from a credit counseling agency.
To repair credit on your own:
Start
by contacting credit reporting agencies to get copies of your credit report.
If
there are errors on your credit report, you can contact the credit reporting
agency to request an investigation.
Although you can start to repair your credit today by taking certain steps,
only consistent efforts and making payments on your debts will improve your
credit.
There are many companies out there trying to sell consumers on credit repair
scams. Learn to recognize false claims made by companies. Remember:
No
one can have accurate information removed from your credit report.
If
you have bad credit, it can take years to
repair your credit legitimately.
No
one can create a new identity for you. Don't let anyone talk you into making
false statements or using a fake Social Security number. You may be convicted
for fraud.
You
can order your credit report yourself. If you see errors on your report,
you can also request that the credit reporting agencies make appropriate
changes.
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